Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Maintaining moderate levels of hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the recovery phase of stroke

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.392889

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microglia are a crucial source of hypochlorous acid in the stroke recovery phase. (A–C) Co-localization and statistical analysis of Iba-1 + microglia (Cy3, red) and hypochlorous acid (HKOCl-3, green) in ischemic SVZ of MCAO rats. Hypochlorous acid was visualized using a HKOCl-3 probe. Hypochlorous acid levels (normalized to day 1) increased on the 3 rd and 5 th days after MCAO. Fluorescence intensity of Iba-1 increased on the 5 th day, but decreased on the 7 th and 14 th days after MCAO. Scale bar: 100 μm. (D) Hypochlorous acid production in BV2 cells and neutrophils with or without O/R challenge. (E) BV2/C17.2 co-culture system to examine the effect of hypochlorous acid produced by BV2 cells, with or without O/R challenge. (F) Neutrophil/C17.2 co-culture system to examine the effect of hypochlorous acid produced by neutrophils on C17.2 cell viability under O/R conditions. Taurine (100 μM) and 4-ABAH (100 μM) were used to scavenge or prevent hypochlorous acid production, respectively, in O/R-challenged neutrophils. Data are expressed as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 (B, C: one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test; D–F: one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). DAPI: 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; Iba1: ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1; O/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation; SVZ: subventricular zone.

Article Snippet: The mouse NSC line C17.2 (kindly provided by Professor Jiangang Shen, RRID: CVCL_4511), microglia cell line BV2 (Cat# 305156, CLS Cell Lines Service GmbH, Eppelheim, Germany, RRID: CVCL_0182), and hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 (Cat# 305158, CLS Cell Lines Service GmbH, RRID: CVCL_0321) were cultured in complete high-glucose DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Co-Culture Assay, Produced, Binding Assay

Journal: Parkinson's Disease

Article Title: The Neuroprotective Effect of Isotetrandrine on Parkinson's Disease via Anti-Inflammation and Antiapoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo

doi: 10.1155/2023/8444153

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of isotetrandrine (ITD) on LPS-induced iL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression in BV2 cell. BV2 microglia cells were cotreated with LPS and different concentrations of isotetrandrine (ITD) (200, 100, and 10 μ M) for 24 hr and harvested for western blots and qPCR. (a) Western blots for iNOS, COX-2, and β -actin protein expression in each group. (b) Quantification results of relative density of iNOS and COX-2 expression in each group. The relative density of the LPS-induced group was taken to be 100%. β -actin was used as an internal control. (c–f) Quantitative PCR of interleukin-6 ( Il-6 ), inducible nitric oxide synthase ( Inos ), and cyclooxygenase-2 ( Cox-2 ) and cd11b mRNA expression in each group. Gapdh was used as an internal control. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 3). ∗ Significantly different from the control group; p < 0.05; # significantly different from the LPS group.

Article Snippet: The cells were maintained with BV2 cells complete medium (Elabscience, USA, TX, No. CM-0493) in a 5% CO 2 37°C incubator.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Enhanced inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis and regulation of microglial polarization with multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injury

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101758

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSIIA/TMP/APS@Se NPs regulate the polarization of BV2 cells and improve the inflammatory microenvironment to rescue PC12 cells in a co-culture system. (A–D) The ELISA quantitative analysis of the inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells after different treatments. (E) Schematic illustration of the modulation of TSIIA/TMP/APS@Se NPs on BV2 polarization. (F) Protein expression images of iNOS and Arg-1 in BV2 cells after different treatment of nanoparticles. (G) Flow cytometry result of the BV2 cells to identify the M1 phenotype (F4/80, CD16/32 double positive) and M2 phenotype (F4/80, CD206 double positive) after incubation with F4/80, CD16/32, CD206. (H) Schematic illustration of a co-cultured system between PC12 cells and BV2 cells, indicating outcomes of diverse treatments with Se NPs. (I) The representative images of Live/Dead stains of PC12 cells after different treatments of the co-cultured system. Scale bar = 200 μm ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001, and ns ( P > 0.05) suggested no statistical difference.

Article Snippet: The immortalized murine microglial cell line BV2 is commonly used as a surrogate for primary microglia in CNS research [ ].

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Cell Culture